Part 1: Introduction
1.1
The New Zealand Debt Management Office (NZDMO) is an operating unit of the
Treasury, within the Treasury’s Macroeconomic Group. NZDMO is responsible for
the efficient management of the Crown’s debt and associated financial assets
within an appropriate risk management framework. NZDMO’s strategic objective
is to maximise the long-term economic return on the Crown’s financial assets and
liabilities in the context of the Government’s fiscal strategy.
1.2
Our audit focused on the extent to which NZDMO is carrying out its activities
effectively and to confirm that NZDMO’s policy parameters are consistent with its
governing legislation and ministerial delegations.
Our audit objectives and performance expectations
1.3
Our overall objective was to determine NZDMO’s level of performance, under the
authority of the Minister of Finance, in managing the Crown’s public debt and
financial asset portfolios.
1.4
We compared NZDMO’s policy framework to the following internationally
recognised guidelines:
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) overview of advances in the risk management of government debt;
- Bank of International Settlements (BIS) principles for interest rate and liquidity management; and
- to a lesser extent, the relevant sections of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) guidelines for public debt management.
1.5
We also compared NZDMO’s operational activities to:
- OECD central government debt statistics;
- other similar entities, such as the Australian state/Commonwealth borrowing authorities (CBAs); and
- similar financial institutions or corporate entities that undertake financial risk management activity within Australasia.
How we conducted the audit
1.6
We sought expert technical assistance with the audit given the specialised
technical functions of NZDMO. Assistance was provided by experts from KPMG
appointed by the Auditor-General under section 33(1) of the Public Audit Act 2001
to conduct a performance audit on his behalf under section 16(1) of that Act.
1.7
The audit was conducted by reviewing key NZDMO and Treasury documents; in
particular, NZDMO’s Portfolio Management Policy (PMP) and associated technical appendices. Other key documents included both recent and historical business
case requests from NZDMO to the Minister of Finance for the commencement
or suspension of transactions in new instruments and new currencies and policy
alterations. We also reviewed NZDMO’s management reporting documents,
supplemented by specific data and analytical requests to NZDMO.
1.8
Stakeholders we interviewed included:
- NZDMO management and staff ;
- NZDMO’s Advisory Board;
- Treasury senior management with direct responsibility for NZDMO; and
- the Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ) and selected financial market participants.
Outside the scope of the audit
1.9
We have made some observations and comments in relation to Crown financial
policy in terms of the effect on NZDMO’s activities. However, we have sought to
avoid Crown-wide financial policy considerations not related to NZDMO.
1.10
The IMF and World Bank guidelines for Public Debt Management require sound
macroeconomic and fiscal policies to support public debt management better
practices. Macroeconomic and fiscal strategies are outside the scope of the audit. They are therefore referred to only by way of background and direct effect on
NZDMO.